Small modular reactor

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A small modular reactor (SMR) is an emergent class of nuclear fission reactors with a rated electrical power of less than 300 megawatts (MWe), which use modular design principles to achieve streamlined construction and enhanced scalability compared to large light-water reactors. Many SMR designs are intended to be built in factories and transported to installation sites as prefabricated modules, while others are designed for flexible multi-unit configurations. The term SMR refers to the physical size, electrical capacity, and modular construction approach. Reactor technology varies significantly among SMR designs. As of March 2026, most SMR designs are light-water reactors (LWRs), however SMR concepts encompass various reactor types, including generation IV, thermal-neutron reactors, fast-neutron reactors, molten salt reactor, and gas-cooled reactor models. Many SMRs also incorporate passive safety features. Commercial SMRs are designed to deliver an electrical power output as low as 10...

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