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Muda (Japanese term)
Japanese concept in lean process thinking
Muda (Japanese term)
Muda (無駄; on'yomi reading, ateji) is a Japanese word meaning "futility", "uselessness", or "wastefulness", and is a key concept in lean process thinking such as in the Toyota Production System (TPS), denoting one of three types of deviation from optimal allocation of resources. The other types are known by the Japanese terms mura ("unevenness") and muri ("overload"). Waste in this context refers to the wasting of time or resources rather than wasteful by-products and should not be confused with waste reduction. When determining whether the concept of muda applies, the concept of "value-added work" is considered. Value-added work is any activity that produces goods or provides a service for which an end-customer is willing to pay; muda is any constraint or impediment that causes waste to occur. There are two types of muda: Muda type I: non value-adding, but necessary for end-customers. These are usually harder to eliminate because while classified as non-value adding, they are necessary...
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