Separation of powers

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The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. Separation of powers is closely linked to notions of checks and balances, which is a distinct but related term describing how the separated branches of government can interact in a way to limit one another. Separation of judicial powers from the executive and legislative branches is the norm in modern democracies. However, many countries do not separated the legislative and executive branches, but instead follow the principle of fusion of powers. This is the case particularly in parliamentary systems, especially the Westminster system, where parliament (the legislature) is supreme and sovereign. Separation of executive and legislative branches (mitigated by checks and balances) is the...

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