Common
Quantum cryptography
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography
Quantum cryptography is the exploiting of quantum-mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem, and the principle of superposition to perform encryption tasks. Quantum encryption plays a crucial role in the secure processing, storage, and transmission of information. One aspect of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD), which offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key-exchange problem. Quantum cryptography allows the completion of cryptographic tasks that are proven or conjectured to be impossible using only classical (i.e., non-quantum) communication. Furthermore, quantum cryptography affords the authentication of messages, which allows the legitimate parties to prove that the messages were not wiretapped during transmission. Thus, in a cryptographic set-up, it is impossible to copy, with perfect fidelity, the data encrypted in a quantum state. If one attempts to read the encrypted data, the quantum...
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