Basque conflict

Uncommon card · No. 142611

The Basque conflict, also known as the Spain–ETA conflict, was an armed and territorial conflict from 1959 to 2011 between Spain and the Basque National Liberation Movement, a group of social and political Basque organizations which sought independence from Spain and France. The movement was built around the separatist organization ETA, which had launched a campaign of attacks against Spanish administrations since 1959. ETA had been proscribed as a terrorist organization by the Spanish, British, French and American authorities at different moments. The conflict occurred mainly in Spain but also affected parts of France, where ETA often found refuge. It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western Europe. It has been sometimes referred to as "Europe's longest war". While ETA officially began its armed campaign in 1959, the roots of the Basque conflict trace back to the repressive policies of the regime of Francisco Franco, which suppressed the Basque language, culture, and...

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