Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that makes it progressively harder to breathe. It occurs when the airways and lung tissue become damaged, leading to reduced airflow and reduced efficiency of oxygen exchange in the lungs. COPD develops gradually over time, and while it cannot currently be cured, treatments and lifestyle changes can help control symptoms and slow disease progression. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are recommended. The condition includes two related lung problems: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis involves ongoing inflammation of the airways, causing excess mucus production, coughing, and chest discomfort. Emphysema involves damage to the small air sacs in the lungs, which reduces the lungs' ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream. Many people with COPD experience shortness of breath, persistent cough, wheezing, and reduced exercise tolerance. Symptoms can become more severe during acute flare-ups...

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