Muslim conquests in Afghanistan

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The Muslim conquests in present-day Afghanistan, a country at the crossroads of central and west Asia, began during the last phase of Muslim conquest of Persia, as the Arab Muslims expanded eastwards to Khorasan, Sistan and Transoxiana. Fifteen years after the battle of Nahāvand in 642 AD, they controlled all the Sasanian domains except those in Afghanistan. The region was not completely Islamized until the period between 10th and 12th centuries, under Ghaznavid and Ghurid dynasties, who patronized Muslim religious institutions. Khorasan and Sistan, where Zoroastrianism was well-established, were conquered in the 7th century. The Arabs had begun to move towards the lands east of Persia in the end of 7th century. The Muslim frontier in modern Afghanistan had become stabilized after the first century of the Lunar Hijri calendar as the relative importance of the Afghan areas diminished. From historical evidence, it appears Tokharistan (Bactria) was the only area conquered by Arabs where Buddhism...

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