China–Russia relations

Uncommon card · No. 185807

China and Russia share one of the world's most important foreign relationships. Both nations share interest in energy cooperation, military ties, and geopolitical alignment in challenging the collective West at large, including the United States. Relations between China and Russia go back to the 16th century. Though initially allies during the Cold War, China and the Soviet Union were rivals after the Sino-Soviet split in 1961. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, China and Russia established diplomatic relations, with the relationship strengthening significantly afterwards. The two countries share a land border which was demarcated in 1991, and they signed the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation in 2001. Ties grew closer following international sanctions against Russia for its 2014 annexation of Crimea, which led Russia to pursue a pivot to China; in that year, China and Russia signed a 30-year gas deal worth $400 billion. In 2019, the two countries defined...

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