Twenty-One Demands
1915 Japanese set of demands to China
Twenty-One Demands
The Twenty-One Demands was a set of demands made during the First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the government of the Republic of China on 18 January 1915. The secret demands would greatly extend Japanese control of China. Japan would keep the former German leased territory it had conquered at the start of World War I in 1914 and would have increased influence in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia while having an expanded role in railways. The most extreme demands (in section 5) would give Japan a decisive voice in finance, policing, and government affairs: the latter would make China in effect a protectorate of Japan, and thereby reduce Western influence. Japan was in a strong position during the course of the war as the Allies were in a stalemate with the opposing Central Powers. The United Kingdom and Japan had been in a military alliance since 1902, and in 1914, the UK had asked Japan to enter the war. China published the secret demands, upsetting...
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