Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

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The Eleventh Amendment (Amendment XI) is an amendment to the United States Constitution passed by Congress on March 4, 1794, and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. The amendment restricts the ability of individuals to bring suit against states of which they are not citizens in federal court. The Eleventh Amendment was adopted to overrule the Supreme Court's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793). In that case, the Court held that states did not enjoy sovereign immunity from suits made by citizens of other states in federal court. Although the amendment established that federal courts did not have the authority to hear cases brought by private parties against a state of which they are not citizens, the Supreme Court has ruled that the amendment applies to all federal suits against states brought by private parties. The Supreme Court has also held that Congress can abrogate state sovereign immunity when using its authority under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. Other recent...

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