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China and the United Nations
The People's Republic of China is a member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of its Security Council. The Republic of China (ROC) was one of the victorious Allies of World War II (the Chinese theatre of which was the Second Sino-Japanese War). It joined the UN as one of its founding member countries in 1945. The subsequent resumption of the Chinese Civil War between the government of Republic of China and the rebel forces of the Chinese Communist Party led to the latter's victory on the mainland and the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Nearly all of mainland China was soon under its control, and the ROC government (then referred to in the West as "Nationalist China") retreated to the island of Taiwan. The One-China policy advocated by both governments dismantled the solution of dual representation but, amid the Cold War and Korean War, the United States and its allies opposed the replacement of the ROC at the United Nations until 1971...
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