War of 1912

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The War of 1912 (Spanish: Levantamiento Armado de los Independientes de Color, lit. 'Armed Uprising of the Independents of Color'), also known as the Little Race War or The Twelve, was a series of protests and uprisings in 1912 in Cuba. The conflict was between Afro-Cuban rebels and the armed forces of Cuba, taking place mainly in the eastern region of the island where most Afro-Cubans lived and worked. After weeks of fighting involving massacres of Afro-Cubans by the Cuban National Army under the command of General Jesus Monteagudo and a U.S. military intervention to protect American corporate interests, the rebellion was put down. The leaders of the Afro-Cuban rebels, Evaristo Estenoz and Pedro Ivonnet, were killed during the rebellion and their political movement, the Independent Party of Color, was dissolved. Between 3,000 and 6,000 people were killed in the rebellion.

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