Pollice verso

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Pollice verso or verso pollice (Classical Latin: [ˈpɔlːɪkɛ ˈu̯ɛrs̠oː]) is a Latin phrase, meaning "with a turned thumb", that is used in the context of gladiatorial combat. It refers to a hand gesture or thumb signal used by Ancient Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator following duels in colosseums. The precise gesture described by the phrase pollice verso, and its meaning, are the subject of scholarly debate. According to Anthony Corbeill, a classical studies professor who has extensively researched the practice, thumbs up signalled killing a gladiator, while "a closed fist with a wraparound thumb" meant sparing him. Zoologist Desmond Morris describes human gestures of this type to be culturally determined and transmitted.

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