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Difference in differences
Statistical technique to use observational data for causal analysis
Difference in differences
Difference in differences (DiD or DD) is a quasi-experimental statistical technique used in econometrics and quantitative research in the social sciences that attempts to mimic an experimental research design using observational study data by studying the differential effect of a treatment on a "treatment group" versus a "control group" in a natural experiment. It calculates the effect of a treatment (i.e., an explanatory variable or an independent variable) on an outcome (i.e., a response variable or dependent variable) by comparing the average change over time in the outcome variable for the treatment group to the average change over time for the control group. Although it is intended to mitigate the effects of extraneous factors and selection bias, depending on how the treatment group is chosen, this method may still be subject to certain biases (e.g., mean regression, reverse causality and omitted variable bias). In contrast to a time-series estimate of the treatment effect on subjects...
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