Film censorship in the United Kingdom
Film censorship in the United Kingdom began with early cinema exhibition becoming subject to the Disorderly Houses Act 1751. The Cinematograph Act 1909 was primarily concerned with introducing annual licensing of premises where films were shown, particularly because of the fire risk of nitrate film. After the Act began to be used by local authorities to control what was shown, the film industry responded by establishing a British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) in 1912, funded by an Incorporated Association of Kinematograph Manufacturers levy. The Cinematograph Exhibitors Association sought to have the BBFC film certification recognized over local decision-making. The case of Mills v London County Council in 1925 (1 KB 213) established that a Council could make its licensing conditional on the exhibitor complying with the BBFC certification. In 1929 the Home Office advised local licensing authorities to adopt the BBFC's certificates and to bar under-16s from "A" films unless accompanied by...
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