History of Vietnam (1945–present)

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After World War II and the collapse of Vietnam's monarchy, France attempted to re-establish its colonial rule but was ultimately defeated by the communist rebels in the First Indochina War. On the other hand, France granted complete independence to the pro-French Vietnamese government they established in 1949. The Geneva Accords in 1954 partitioned the country temporarily in two with a promise of democratic elections in 1956 to reunite the country. The United States and South Vietnam did not sign the Accords and insisted on United Nations supervision of any election to prevent fraud, which the Soviet Union and North Vietnam refused. North and South Vietnam therefore remained divided until the Vietnam War ended with the Fall of Saigon in 1975. After 1976, the newly reunified Vietnam faced many difficulties during the subsidy period due to a centralised command economy, the Third Indochina War, the Cold War, and an American economic embargo. In 1986, after the death of Lê Duẩn, the Communist...

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