High Renaissance

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In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started between 1490 and 1500, and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say it ended around 1525, in 1527 with the Sack of Rome by the mutinous army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or around 1530. The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. In the 21st century, use of the term has been frequently criticized by some art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.

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