Legio IX Hispana

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Legio IX Hispana (“Ninth Legion Hispana”), also written as Legio VIIII Hispana, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that existed from the late 1st century BC until at least AD 120. The legion served in several provinces during the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It acquired the nickname “Hispana” after being stationed in Hispania under Augustus. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43, the legion was stationed in the province. It disappears from surviving Roman records after around AD 120, and no ancient source provides a definitive account of its fate. The uncertain fate of the legion has been the subject of considerable historical research and speculation. One theory, associated particularly with the historian Theodor Mommsen, held that the legion was destroyed in northern Britain soon after AD 108, the date of the latest securely dated inscription of the Ninth found in Britain. Under this interpretation, the legion may have been destroyed during a revolt by northern...

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