Empress Xiaozhuangwen
Qing Dynasty empress dowager (1613–1688)
Empress Xiaozhuangwen
Bumbutai (Mongolian: Бумбутай; Manchu: ᠪᡠᠮᠪᡠᡨᠠᡳ; Chinese: 布木布泰; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Hong Taiji. She was 21 years his junior. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her son, Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor, and as Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her grandson, Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor. As empress dowager and grand empress dowager, she had significant influence in the Qing imperial court and was highly respected for her political wisdom and insight. After her death, she was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Xiaozhuangwen, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime.
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