Bahrain and its Dependencies

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Bahrain and its Dependencies covers the history of Bahrain from the Bani Utbah invasion—led by Al Khalifa—in 1783 until the nation's independence from the British Empire in 1971. The term "Dependencies" historically referred to the shifting territorial governance of the ruling family over the Bahraini archipelago and portions of the Qatar peninsula. Prior to the invasion, Bahrain was a dependency of Zand Iran under the governance of Nasr Al-Madhkur. Once Ahmed bin Muhammad Al Khalifa established his family's rule, the new dynasty spent nearly a century constantly fighting to defend it. The islands were briefly under the occupation of the Sultanate of Muscat and the Emirate of Diriyah following back-to-back invasions, while both the Ottomans and Qajars kept trying to claim the territory as their own. To secure their position, the Al Khalifa signed major maritime agreements with the British Empire, notably the General Maritime Treaty of 1820 and the Perpetual Truce of 1861, which recognized...

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