Jefimenko's equations

Common card · No. 418801

In electromagnetism, Jefimenko's equations (named after Oleg D. Jefimenko) describe the electric and magnetic fields generated by time-dependent distributions of electric charge and current. These equations account for the propagation delay of the fields due to the finite speed of light, and provide the general solution to Maxwell’s equations for any arbitrary distribution of sources. Jefimenko's equations are the time-dependent generalizations of Coulomb's law and the Biot–Savart law. An alternative formulation for the electric field by Wolfgang Panofsky and Melba Phillips is known as the Panofsky–Phillips equation. This equation is related to Jefimenko's via the continuity equation for charge. A version of Jefimenko's equations with a point-like electric charge as the source is known as the Heaviside–Feynman formula or Jefimenko–Feynman formula.

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