

History of Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah’s Witnesses emerged from the Bible Student movement, a restorationist and Adventist-influenced movement founded by Charles Taze Russell in the 1870s. Early Bible Students adopted beliefs associated with Adventist chronology, including Christ’s invisible presence beginning in 1874 and the expectation that the “Gentile Times” would end in 1914. Russell founded Zion’s Watch Tower in 1879 and incorporated the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania in 1884. After Russell’s death in 1916, the movement divided amid disputes over leadership and doctrine. Under Joseph Franklin Rutherford, the Watch Tower Society centralized organizational authority, expanded public preaching, and introduced major doctrinal and structural changes that distinguished his followers from other Bible Student groups. In 1931, Rutherford’s organization adopted the name “Jehovah’s witnesses”, marking a formal separation from the wider Bible Student movement. Substantial organizational changes continued...
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