Population exchange between Greece and Turkey

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The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey was the formal displacement of approximately 1,221,489 Greek Orthodox Christians from Asia Minor, Eastern Thrace, the Pontic Alps and the Caucasus, and 355,000–400,000 Muslims from Greece. Most of these people were forcibly made refugees and de jure denaturalized from their homelands. It stemmed from the "Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations" signed at Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 January 1923, by the governments of Greece and Turkey. Most of the Greeks covered by the agreement had already been ethnically cleansed from Turkey by late 1922, before the exchange agreement, whereas most of the Muslim population transferred from Greece departed in 1923–1924, after the exchange agreement. On 16 March 1922, Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yusuf Kemal Bey (later Yusuf Kemal Tengirşek), stated that "[t]he Ankara Government was strongly in favour of a solution that would satisfy world opinion and ensure tranquillity...

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