Nine familial exterminations

Uncommon card · No. 96713

The nine familial exterminations, nine kinship exterminations, or execution of nine relations, also known by the names zuzhu ('family execution') and miezu ('family extermination'), was the most severe punishment for a capital offense in premodern China, Korea, and Vietnam. A collective form of kin punishment typically associated with offenses such as treason, the punishment involved the execution of all relatives of an individual, which were categorized into nine groups. This punishment was rare, with relatively few sentences recorded throughout history.

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