Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

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Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or gluten sensitivity is a disorder which can cause both gastrointestinal and other problems. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. The definition and diagnostic criteria of NCGS were debated and established by three consensus conferences. However, as of 2019, there remained much debate in the scientific community as to whether NCGS was a distinct clinical disorder. The pathogenesis of NCGS is not well understood, but the activation of the innate immune system, the direct cytotoxic effects of gluten, and probably other wheat components, are implicated. There is evidence that not only gliadin (the main cytotoxic antigen of gluten), but also other proteins called amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) which are present in gluten-containing cereals (wheat, rye, barley, and their derivatives) may have a role in the development of symptoms. ATIs are potent activators of the innate immune system. FODMAPs, especially...

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