Common
Swadhyaya Movement
Religious movement
Swadhyaya Movement
The Swadhyaya Movement or Swadhyaya Parivara started in the mid-20th century in the western states of India, particularly Maharashtra and Gujarat. Founded by Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920-2003), the movement emphasizes self-study (swadhyaya), selfless devotion (bhakti) and application of Indian scriptures such as the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita for spiritual, social and economic liberation. The movement focuses on the Upanishadic mahāvākyas (great teachings) related with Vedic belief that God is within oneself, every human being, all living beings and all of God's creation. It encourages voluntary self-study, self-knowledge, community discourses and action with a responsibility to God in oneself and others. Its temples typically highlight the deities Yogeshwara Krishna, Parvati, Ganesha and Shiva in a Vriksha Mandir ("temple of trees") setting. The sun is considered a deity, Surya. Prayers are performed in the Smarta tradition's Panchayatana puja format, attributed to Adi Shankara....
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