Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)

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The Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, the Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran. The Russian victory forced Safavid Iran to cede their territories in the North Caucasus, South Caucasus and contemporary northern Iran to Russia, comprising the cities of Derbent (southern Dagestan) and Baku and their nearby surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Shirvan, Mazandaran and Astarabad via the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723). The territories remained in Russian hands until some were returned to Iran 9 years later by the Treaty of Resht of 1732 and the remainder 12 years later by the Treaty of Ganja of 1735 during the reign of Anna Ioannovna.

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