Fuel economy in automobiles

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The fuel economy (also called fuel efficiency or mileage) of an automobile relates to the distance traveled by a vehicle and the amount of fuel consumed. It can be expressed in terms of the volume of fuel to travel a given distance, such as in litres per 100 kilometres (L/100 km), or through its inverse, the distance traveled per unit volume of fuel consumed, as in kilometres per litre (km/L) or miles per gallon (mpg). Since fuel economy of vehicles is a significant factor in air pollution, the importation of motor fuel can be a large part of a nation's foreign trade and consumers frequently undervalue fuel efficiency, many countries impose requirements for fuel economy. Different methods are used to approximate the actual performance of the vehicle. The energy in fuel is required to overcome various losses (such as wind resistance or tire drag) encountered while propelling the vehicle, and in providing power to vehicle systems such as ignition or air conditioning. Various strategies can...

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