Nutcracker syndrome
Compression of the left renal vein, restricting bloodflow from the left kidney
Nutcracker syndrome
Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a coronary condition commonly caused by compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), although other variants exist. The name derives from the imagined similarity of the SMA and AA appearing when viewed in the sagittal and/or transverse planes, to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein). There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which frequently results in delayed or incorrect diagnosis. The first clinical report of Nutcracker phenomenon appeared in 1950. This condition is not to be confused with superior mesenteric artery syndrome, which is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA and the AA.
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