Opération Chammal

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Opération Chammal is a French military operation in Iraq and Syria launched to help curtail the expansion of the Islamic State and to support the Iraqi Army. Its name comes from the Shamal (Chammal in French), a northwesterly wind that blows over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states. Airstrikes in Iraq began on 19 September 2014 and airstrikes in Syria by the end of September 2015. The French operation was at first limited to airstrikes and French president François Hollande had stated no ground troops would be deployed in the conflict. Additionally, the French frigate Jean Bart joined the United States Navy's Commander Task Force 50 (CTF 50) as an escort. On 14 November 2015, ISIS claimed that the terrorist attacks that took place in Paris the previous day were retaliation for Opération Chammal. In response, France decided to expand the scope of its operations against the Islamist group, leading to significant assets being deployed.

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