Dialectics of Nature

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Dialectics of Nature (German: Dialektik der Natur) is an unfinished work by Friedrich Engels written between 1873 and 1886. In it, Engels applied the principles of dialectical materialism, as conceived by himself and Karl Marx, to the natural sciences. The work was never published in his lifetime and first appeared in a bilingual German and Russian edition in the Soviet Union in 1925. The book comprises a series of manuscripts, notes, and fragments that outline a materialist dialectical view of nature. Central to this view are what Engels identified as the three general laws of dialectics: the law of the transformation of quantity into quality, the law of the interpenetration of opposites, and the law of the negation of the negation. Engels sought to demonstrate that these laws, which he and Marx had identified in history and society, were also applicable to the natural world. Since its publication, Dialectics of Nature has been a subject of intense controversy within Marxism. It became...

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