Dilution refrigerator
Cryogenic device for cooling to very low temperatures
Dilution refrigerator
A 3He/4He dilution refrigerator, or simply dilution refrigerator, is a cryogenic device that provides continuous cooling to temperatures as low as 2 mK, with no moving parts in the low-temperature region. The cooling power is provided by the heat of mixing of the helium-3 and helium-4 isotopes. The dilution refrigerator was first proposed by Heinz London in the early 1950s, and was experimentally realized in 1964 in the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium at Leiden University.
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