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S.M. (patient)
Brain-damaged "woman with no fear"
S.M. (patient)
S.M., sometimes referred to as SM-046, is an American woman with a peculiar type of brain damage that physiologically reduces her ability to feel fear. First described by scientists in 1994, she has had exclusive and complete bilateral amygdala destruction since late childhood as a consequence of Urbach–Wiethe disease. Dubbed by the media as the "woman with no fear", S.M. has been studied extensively in scientific research; she has helped researchers elucidate the function of the amygdala. According to neuroscientist Jack van Honk in 2026, S.M. "has to be the world's most famous living neurological patient".
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