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École normale supérieure
Type of state-run institute of higher education in France
École normale supérieure
An École normale supérieure (English: Institute of Advanced Education; French pronunciation: [ekɔl nɔʁmal sypeʁjœʁ]) or ENS is a type of elite public higher education institution in France. A portion of the student body, admitted via a highly-selective competitive examination process, are French civil servants and are known as normaliens. However, normalien also designate the part of the student body that is selected through a highly-selective application system and follow the same cursus as their civil servants counterpart. ENSes also offer master's and PhD degrees, and can be compared to "Institutes for Advanced Studies". They constitute the top level of research-training education in the French university system. The history of écoles normales supérieures goes back to 30 October 1794 (9 brumaire an III), when École normale de l'an III was established during the French Revolution. The school was subsequently reestablished as pensionnat normal from 1808 to 1822, before being recreated...
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