Force de dissuasion

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The Force de dissuasion (French pronunciation: [fɔʁs də disɥazjɔ̃]; English: 'Deterrence Force'), known as the Force de frappe ([fɔʁs də fʁɑp]; 'Strike Force') before 1961, is the French nuclear deterrence force. Formulated immediately after the Second World War, it comprised a triad of air-, sea- and land-based nuclear weapons intended for deterrence; since the end of the Cold War, it is only an air- and sea-based arsenal. The French Nuclear Force, part of the French military, is the fourth largest in the world, after the nuclear triads of the United States, Russia, and China. France's military nuclear programme was shaped not only by the Cold War, but by the trauma that resulted from the Battle of France: General Pierre Marie Gallois, one of the architects of the deterrence force, is said to have been marked "by the tragic effects of an excess of German power" in his strategic thinking. In addition to retaining a strategic advantage over Germany, France developed the Force de dissuasion...

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