Treaty of Nerchinsk

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The Treaty of Nerchinsk was a peace treaty signed between the Tsardom of Russia and the Qing dynasty following Russia's defeat at the Siege of Albazin. Signed on 27 August 1689 by Songgotu on behalf of the Kangxi Emperor and Fyodor Golovin for Russian Tsars Peter I and Ivan V, it was the first formal treaty China ever signed with a Western power. To bypass translation issues and avoid misinterpretation, the authoritative version was written in Latin, with secondary translations made into Russian and Manchu. While no official Chinese text existed for another two centuries, physical border markers were inscribed in Chinese, Manchu, Russian, and Latin. The geopolitical terms of the treaty forced the Russians to yield the territory north of the Amur River up to the Stanovoy Range, while allowing them to retain control over the region between the Argun River and Lake Baikal. This established boundary effectively halted Russian expansion in the region for nearly two centuries and opened vital...

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