Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Rare and usually fatal brain infection by a protist
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), also known as naegleriasis, is an almost invariably fatal infection of the brain by the free-living protozoan Naegleria fowleri. Symptoms include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, a stiff neck, confusion, hallucinations and seizures. Symptoms progress rapidly over around five days with characteristics of both meningitis and encephalitis; becoming a type of meningoencephalitis. Death usually results within one to two weeks of symptom onset. N. fowleri is typically found in warm bodies of fresh water, such as ponds, lakes, rivers and hot springs. It is found in an amoeboid, temporary flagellate stage or microbial cyst in soil, poorly maintained municipal water supplies, water heaters, near warm-water discharges of industrial plants and in poorly chlorinated or unchlorinated swimming pools. There is no evidence of it living in salt water. As the disease is rare, it is often not considered during diagnosis. Although infection occurs very rarely, it...
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