Constitution of Russia

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The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Russian: Конституция Российской Федерации, romanized: Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii) was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993 and enacted on 25 December 1993. The latest significant reform occurred in 2020, marked by extensive amendments that altered various sections, including those relating to presidential terms, social policies, and the primacy of Russian law over international law (see 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia). Russia's constitution came into force on 25 December 1993, at the moment of its official publication, and abolished the Soviet system of government. The 1993 Constitution is one of the longest-standing constitutions in Russian history, second only to the Soviet-era 1937 Constitution, which remained in effect until 1978. The text was drafted by the 1993 Constitutional Conference, which was attended by over 800 participants. Sergei Alexeyev, Sergey Shakhray, and sometimes Anatoly Sobchak are...

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