First Islamic state

Uncommon card · No. 78054

The first Islamic state was established by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE/1 AH under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation). After Muhammad's death, his companions known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs (the Rashidun) founded the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) which began massive expansion and motivated subsequent Islamic states, such as the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). According to the traditional sirah account, Muhammad was born in Mecca—an important caravan trading center—around the year 570 CE/52 BH to a family belonging to the clan of Quraysh, which was the chief tribe of Mecca and a dominant force in Hejaz region. When he was about 40 years old, he began receiving at mount Hira' what Muslims regard as divine revelations delivered through the Archangel Gabriel, which would later form the Qur'an. These inspirations urged him to proclaim a strict monotheistic faith, as the...

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