Obsolete and nonstandard IPA symbols

Uncommon card · No. 140871

There are a variety of obsolete and nonstandard symbols (letters and diacritics) that have been used in and alongside the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). These fall into a few basic categories, including: Those used historically in the IPA Some represent standard phonetic values and have been modified or replaced completely, such as ⟨ɩ ɷ⟩ for modern [ɪ ʊ] Others represent varied manners and places of articulation, phonation states, or sounds paired with secondary articulation, and have been dropped altogether with the idea that they should instead be indicated with diacritics, such as ⟨ƥ ƭ ƙ⟩ for modern [ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ɠ̊] Those specific to local linguistic traditions that otherwise use standard IPA Some represent sounds in a more simplified form, such as the Americanist ⟨ƛ λ⟩ for standard [t͡ɬ d͡ɮ] Others represent phonemes and phones that may be generally difficult to describe with the usage of standard letters and diacritics, such as the Sinological ⟨ɿ ʮ⟩ for so-called "apical vowels...

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