Common
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in sports
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the brain. Most documented cases have occurred in athletes with mild repetitive head impacts (RHI) over an extended period. Evidence indicates that repetitive concussive and subconcussive blows to the head cause CTE. In particular, it is associated with contact sports such as boxing, American football, Australian rules football, wrestling, mixed martial arts, ice hockey, rugby, skiing, snowboarding and association football. In association football, whether this is just associated with prolific headers or other injuries is unclear as of 2017.
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