India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement

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The Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, colloquially known as the 123 Agreement (signed between the United States of America and India), is also commonly referred to as the U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement or the Indo-US nuclear deal. The framework for this agreement was a July 18, 2005 joint statement by then Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and then U.S. President George W. Bush, under which India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and to place all its civil nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards and, in exchange, the United States agreed to work toward full civil nuclear cooperation with India. This U.S.-India deal took more than three years to come to fruition as it had to go through several complex stages, including amendment of U.S. domestic law, especially the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, a civil...

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