Total fertility rate

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The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life. As of 2023, the total fertility rate varied widely across the world, from 0.7 in South Korea, to 6.1 in Niger. Among sovereign countries that were not city states or microstates, in 2025 the following countries had a TFR of 1.0 or lower: China, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Ukraine; the following countries had a TFR of 1.2 or lower: Argentina, Belarus, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Estonia, Italy, Greece, Japan, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Spain, and Uruguay. Several socioeconomic factors affect fertility, and presently approximately two thirds of the world's population lives in countries which have below replacement fertility rates. Currently, the vast majority of countries which have...

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