Battle of Nanking
1937 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Battle of Nanking
The Battle of Nanking (or Nanjing) was fought in early December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army for control of Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng), the capital of the Republic of China. After Japan and China went to war in July 1937, their forces fought the vicious three-month Battle of Shanghai, both suffering heavy casualties. The Japanese eventually won the battle, forcing the Chinese army to withdraw. Capitalizing on their victory, the Japanese authorized a campaign to capture Nanjing. The task of occupying Nanjing was given to General Iwane Matsui, the commander of Japan's Central China Area Army, who believed that the capture of the national capital would force China to surrender. Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek decided to defend the city and appointed Tang Shengzhi to command the Nanjing Garrison Force, a hastily assembled army of local conscripts and the remnants of the Chinese units who had...
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