Girdler sulfide process
Industrial process for heavy water purification
Girdler sulfide process
The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as the Geib–Spevack (GS) process, is an industrial production method for extracting heavy water (deuterium oxide, D2O) from natural water. Heavy water is used in particle research, in deuterium NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvents for proton NMR spectroscopy, heavy water nuclear reactors (as a coolant and moderator) and deuterated drugs. In 1943, Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack independently invented the process. The process is named after the Girdler Company, which constructed the first American plant to implement it. The method is an isotopic exchange process, where isotopes of hydrogen are swapped between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and water (H2O), also known as "light" water, that produces heavy water over several steps. This process is highly energy intensive. Until its closure in 1997, the Bruce Heavy Water Plant in Ontario (located on the same site as Douglas Point and the Bruce Nuclear Generating Station) was the world's largest...
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