Paranoid personality disorder

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Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a personality disorder characterized by paranoia, and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. Outlined in the main chapter on personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), paranoid personality disorder is not specifically included in the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), nor in the eleventh revision (ICD-11) of the International Classification of Diseases; the latter two instead classify it in accordance with a dimensional approach to personality disorders. The exact causes of PPD remain unknown, with research on this matter being limited; adverse childhood experiences are known to be a risk factor. Treatment of this disorder takes the forms of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy; there are however no medications approved specifically for PPD and research on psychotherapeutic interventions is lacking.

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