Pan-Islamism

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Pan-Islamism (Arabic: الوحدة الإسلامية, romanized: al-Waḥdat al-Islāmiyya) is an internationalist and anti-nationalist political movement that advocates the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state, often a caliphate or an international organization with Islamic principles. Historically, after Ottomanism, which aimed at the unity of all Ottoman citizens, pan-Islamism was promoted in the Ottoman Empire during the last quarter of the 19th century by Sultan Abdul Hamid II for the purpose of preventing secession movements of the Muslim peoples in the empire. Pan-Islamism differentiates itself from pan-nationalistic ideologies, for example Pan-Arabism, by focusing on religion and not ethnicity or race. It sees the ummah (Muslim community) as the focus of allegiance and mobilization, including the Tawhid belief, by the guidance of the Quran and the sunnah. The major leaders of the pan-Islamist movement were the triad of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1839–1897), Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905) and Rashid...

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