Expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians

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On 19–20 September 2023, Azerbaijan initiated a military offensive in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region which ended with the surrender of the self-declared Republic of Artsakh, the disbandment of its armed forces and the effective expulsion of the entire population. Up until the military assault, the region was internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but was governed and populated by ethnic Armenians. Before the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020, the region had an estimated population of 150,000 which decreased in the aftermath of the war. Faced with threats of ethnic cleansing by Azerbaijan and struggling amid a nine-month long blockade, 100,400 ethnic Armenians, representing 99% of the remaining population of Nagorno-Karabakh, fled by the end of September 2023, leaving only a couple of dozen people within the region. This mass forced displacement of people has been described by international experts as a war crime or crime against humanity. 288 civilians died while fleeing...

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