Lahnda

Common card · No. 362890

Lahnda (Punjabi: Laehndā, pronounced [lɛ˦n.d̪äː], lit. 'western'), also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, is a group of Indo-Aryan language varieties, spoken in the Punjab, Hazara, and Azad Kashmir regions of Pakistan. It is defined in the ISO 639 standard as a "macrolanguage" or as a "series of dialects" by other authors. Its validity as a linguistic genetic grouping is not certain. The terms "Lahnda" and "Western Punjabi" are exonyms employed by linguists, and are not used by the speakers themselves. Lahnda includes the following language varieties: Saraiki (spoken mostly in southern Pakistani Punjab by about 26 million people); the Jatki Punjabi dialects (spoken by ~40 million people across the Bar region of western Punjab); the diverse varieties of Hindko (with almost five million speakers in north-western Punjab and neighbouring regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, especially Hazara); Pahari/Pothwari (with 3.5 million speakers predominantly on the Pothohar Plateau of northern Punjab, as...

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