
German workers' and soldiers' councils of 1918–1919
Soviet-style councils of the 1918/19 German revolution

Soviet-style councils of the 1918/19 German revolution
The German workers' and soldiers' councils of 1918–1919 (German: Deutsche Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte) were short-lived revolutionary bodies that carried the German revolution to cities across the German Empire during the final days of World War I. Meeting little to no resistance, they formed quickly, took over city governments and key buildings and caused most of the locally stationed military to flee or stand down. In the face of the revolution being spread by the councils, all of Germany's ruling monarchs, including Emperor Wilhelm II, abdicated by the end of November 1918. Many of the councils, including the major ones in Berlin, were divided between those on the radical Left who wanted to set up a system of soviet democracy and moderates whose goal was to establish a socialist-dominated parliamentary republic. Germany's interim national revolutionary government, the Council of the People's Deputies, was initially split equally between the radical Independent Social Democratic Party...
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